Dialysis is performed to replace the critical functions of the kidneys and sustain life in people with severe kidney failure. People whose overall kidney function is so poor that it threatens health and survival have end-stage renal disease (ESRD). These people require either dialysis or a kidney transplant. When a kidney-transplant is not immediately available or not possible, dialysis is performed to replace the critical functions of the kidneys to sustain life.

There are two types of dialysis: Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis

To undergo hemodialysis, a person must have a surgical procedure in the arm to create an access. The access is then used via needles, to connect the blood circulation to the dialysis machine. The access formed is either an AV (arterio-venous) fistula or an AV Graft - if artificial material is used. Hemodialysis uses a special filter called a dialyzer as an artificial kidney to clean your blood of waste products and remove extra fluid that has accumulated. The dialysis machine pumps blood through the dialyzer. The newly cleaned blood flows out of the dialyzer and is returned to your bloodstream.

Dialysis is performed three times a week, for four to five hours each time using their dialysis access, at a Dialysis center. While dialysis is being performed the patient receives medications to replace hormones the kidneys are unable to produce.

Peritoneal Dialysis is performed thru a catheter that is placed in the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneal membrane). During this type of dialysis a solution called dialysate is drained into the belly spaces around the intestines and other organs. The dialysate remains from two to six hours, and the wastes, extra fluid, and excess chemicals pass from the blood vessels in the peritoneal membrane into the dialysate fluid. Then the fluid is drained from the belly via the catheter. This process is repeated until all wastes are collected.

Peritoneal Dialysis can be performed during the day or with a cycling machine overnight while you sleep. The patients that are suited for this type of dialysis are allowed a greater independence in their dialysis care.